BRUSSELS – European governments are pressing Google to halt coming changes to its privacy policies while they investigate the implications for personal data protection.

The move is a shot across the bow for a range of companies, including Facebook, that rely on the European market of 500 million people for a hefty portion of their business. It comes amid a new drive to make privacy protection in Europe – where people are generally more wary than Americans about surveillance by companies and governments – more coherent and efficient.

Viviane Reding, the European Union's justice commissioner, called on authorities Friday "to ensure that EU law is fully complied with in Google's new privacy policy." She was backing a request sent Thursday by national data protection authorities to Google, asking that the search engine company suspend its plans to change its privacy policies on March 1 while they conduct an inquiry into the implications for citizens and users.

The authorities wrote to Larry Page, chief executive of Google, to "call for a pause in the interests of ensuring that there can be no misunderstanding about Google's commitments to information rights of their users and EU citizens." Reding said Friday that the investigation would help give "legal certainty for citizens and businesses."

Google announced in late January that it would combine about 60 privacy policies for separate products to create a simple system for users that also satisfied the wishes of regulators.

The changes also would mean that Google could use information shared on one Google service in other Google services for people logged into a Google account. For example, Google could guide a user who had looked for recipes using the Google search engine to relevant cooking videos the next time that person signed in to YouTube, which is also owned by Google.

The company said Friday that it was prepared to answer any questions raised by the investigation but gave no indication that it would delay the changes. Instead, it suggested that any delay instituting the new policy would harm rather than help the 350 million users it had already notified about the changes.

"As part of announcing our new privacy policy, we've made the largest communication to users in our history," said Alistair Verney, a Google spokesman in Europe. "Delaying the new policy would cause significant confusion."

The French data privacy regulator, known as CNIL, is conducting the investigation on behalf of 26 other European Union governments. CNIL said Friday that there was no formal deadline for completing the inquiry. "Of course, we're going to try to do it as quickly as possible," said Gwendal Le Grand, an official at the agency.

He said the timing would depend on how long it took investigators to sift through the changes and evaluate the implications, and on how long it took Google to respond to further questions.

The investigation is the clearest sign so far of a new drive to streamline privacy protection in Europe. That effort, led by Reding, would require national authorities to delegate a single country, most likely where a company is based, to conduct privacy investigations.

Google has opened a large office in Paris, but the company said its European headquarters were in Dublin.

Le Grand, the French official, said his agency had the power to fine companies up to 100,000 euros ($131,000) for a first offense and up to 300,000 euros for repeat offenses.

But the fact that a member state is conducting the inquiry, rather than European Union authorities in Brussels, illustrates how European laws remain a hodgepodge, particularly in the area of justice and home affairs.

The investigation into Google also seems to reflect a degree of coordination with like-minded counterparts in the U.S. Congress.

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