Young men's participation in violence peaking in late adolescence: a 2001 surgeon general's report, "Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General." http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/
Information on David Towner Jr.: Former Raiders players, Sacramento County Sheriff's Lt. James Hendrickson, court records and Bee archives. David, his family and his attorney were contacted by letter, phone and in person, but did not respond.
Information on Keith Lewis playing free safety for the 49ers: Gary Lewis and several former teammates, the 49ers' Web site and Bee archives.
CLIFFORD McDOWELL
Scoring five touchdowns at the Las Vegas tournament in 1989: Clifford and his friend, Curtie Clark.
His wedding, Curtie Clark's renewed faith in Christianity and Clifford's request for a loan: Clifford and Yaxchi McDowell, Clifford's cousin Dimitrios Champlaie, other former teammates.
Involvement with Oak Park Bloods and drug sales: Clifford, Curtie, his mother, Rosalyn McDowell, his cousin Dimitrios, and other former Raiders teammates.
Getting into a fistfight at a nightclub and the auto accident aftermath: Clifford, his half-brother John "J.R." Dantzler and his Junior PeeWees co-coaches.
Children and restraining order: Wyatt Johnson, his mother, Lorraine Johnson, his sister Kisha Johnson and Sacramento County court records.
CORY GATHING
Cory's shooting death: his fiancée Roslyn, Sgt. Tim Curran of the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department. The immediate aftermath of his death: Roslyn, Sgt. Curran, Wyatt Johnson and Bee archives.
His daughter, Alayzia, keeping the Tickle Me Elmo he gave her and sleeping in his football jersey: His mother, Regina Gathing, his brother, Jason, and Alayzia.
Releasing balloons on Cory's birthday: Alayzia, her mother, Zakiyyah Hill, and Regina, Cornell and Jason Gathing.
TYRONE RHINEHART
Mother's work as a prostitute: Tyrone, his aunts, Los Angeles County court records. Court records list his mother being convicted of violating California Penal Code 647(B): "Who solicits or who agrees to engage in or who engages in any act of prostitution" on at least two occasions.
Sacramento Observer giving "30 Under 30" awards to Tyrone Rhinehart and Mike Adelekan: Tyrone, Mike, Tyrone's aunt Barbara Burt, Mike's mother, Pat Adelekan, and Sharon Chandler, program coordinator for "30 Under 30."
Mother leaving prostitution behind: Tyrone and his aunts Barbara Burt and Brenda Pommer.
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